In order for a sewing machine to operate correctly, you must adjust the thread tension. While getting the adjustment correct may be tricky, once it's set, you shouldn't need to adjust it again. While each machine has specific directions to adjust the tension, the general principle is the same for all machines.
Instructions
1. Thread the sewing machine properly. Make sure you correctly wind the bobbin. Trace the thread through each thread guide. Put the thread through the eye of the sewing machine needle in the correct direction. This step is key so don't skip it.
2. Put two pieces of medium weight scrap cotton fabric together. Sew a straight seam.
3. Examine the row of stitches. The stitches on both sides should be even. If they are, the tension is fine. If the threads are uneven, you may be able to pull on one or the other and remove it from the stitching altogether. That's the problem you need to fix by adjusting the tension.
4. Analyze what you need to do to adjust the tension. Most sewing machines allow you to make the adjustment on the top thread only, so decide if the top thread needs to be tighter or looser.
5. Loosen the thread tension on the top stitches by lowering the number on the tension adjustment dial. Make another row of stitches to see if you corrected the tension.
6. Tighten the thread on the top stitches by raising the number on the tension dial. Make yet another row of stitches.
7. Continue making adjustments until both the bottom and top stitches are even in size and shape. Write down the thread tension number for future reference.
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